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"STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES"
(IGITI Working Papers)
Full texts in Russian
2012
2 (58). Sokolov M., Safonova M., Guba K., Dimke D. Intellectual landscape and social structure of a local academic community (the case of St. Petersburg sociology) : Working paper WP6/2012/01 (part 2) / M. Sokolov, M. Safonova, K. Guba, D. Dimke ; National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. – Moscow: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2012. – 48 p.
The paper presents the results of the research project “St. Petersburg Sociology after 1985: Institutional Dynamics, Economic Adaptation, and Pockets of Intellectual Growth” which looked into the social history of the local community of Petersburg sociologists in the last 25 years. The research project followed the example of Chicago school of sociology’s community studies. It employed a wide range of historical, sociological, anthropological, and scientometric methods to study the ecology of practices of some 600 local social scientists.
Two texts published in the volume continue the analysis of the relations between intellectual and social structures commenced in the previous issue. In her paper, Katerina Guba looks into the pattern of diffusion of the “modern Western sociological theory” in the local community. She seeks to find out, if this diffusion brings the more conservative and oriented to the internal intellectual market part of the community closer to the more liberal and oriented to integration to “international science” part, and if so, which sub-group is responsible for this movement. In the following article Daria Dimke analyzes social and cultural origins of the intellectual style of Soviet sociology which counterpoises parts of the older Soviet sociological networks to the newer generations of scholars.
1 (57). Sokolov M., Safonova M., Guba K., Dimke D. Intellectual landscape and social structure of a local academic community (the case of St. Petersburg sociology) : Working paper WP6/2012/01 (part 1) / M. Sokolov, M. Safonova, K. Guba, D. Dimke ; National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. – Moscow: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2012. – 48 p.
The paper presents the results of the research project “St. Petersburg Sociology after 1985: Institutional Dynamics, Economic Adaptation, and Pockets of Intellectual Growth” which looked into the social history of the local community of Petersburg sociologists in the last 25 years. The research project followed the example of Chicago school of sociology’s community studies. It employed a wide range of historical, sociological, anthropological, and scientometric methods to study the ecology of practices of some 600 local social scientists.
This publication is comprised of two texts. First of them, authored by Mikhail Sokolov, Katerina Guba, Daria Dimke, and Maria Safonova, discusses the origins of the ‘community study’ research genre, its relevance to sociology of science, and the details of its application to the case of St. Petersburg sociologists. It also summarizes the results of the earlier work at the site. The second text, by Maria Safonova, applies the social network analysis (SNA) to developing the network perspective on the emergence of St. Petersburg sociology. She
analyses its present multi-modal structure and tests the presupposition which often remains unquestioned in the discourse on Russian science: are schools of thought (or “academic gangs”, to use Thomas Scheff’s expression) the dominant form of structural organization of the Russian academic world?
2011
6 (56). Zaporozhets, Oksana N. Mapping the field of University Studies, Conceptualizing University : Working paper WP6/2011/06 / O. Zaporozhets ; National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. – Moscow : Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2011. 48 p.
The paper aims to analyze the current state of University Studies explicating and mapping the existing approaches as well as highlighting the undeveloped areas. This intellectual revision is led by the anthropological perspective developed in historical study of Russian university and focused on the academic community as a creator of academic culture, the active interpreter of the established institutional frames of the university (elaborated and imposed by the state). The text emphasizes the long-time priority of macro-perspective in the field of University Studies (including structural functionalism, neo Weberian and Bourdieu approaches). Overcoming the restrictions of the macro-perspective, the anthropological approach allows to personalize and contextualize university, to focus on the academic community building, its self-regulation, autonomy and interaction with social environment as well as on the language of academia self-description.
5 (55). Levinson, Kirill A. Shorthand and its status in different national and cultural settings : Working paper WP6/2011/05 [Тext] / K. Levinson ; National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. – Moscow : Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2011. – 32 p.
The article shows how shorthand was able to secure for itself the status of a research discipline during the time of its most intense development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This had to do with the fact that – especially in Germany – new shorthand systems were designed within the context of scholarly efforts aimed at rationalization of writing as a whole. Theory development and teaching activity took place both in existing educational institutions and at specially created shorthand institutes as well as in classes offered by shorthand societies. Therefore, shorthand’s failure to establish as a university discipline did not mean its death as a field of knowledge and learning. The case study shows that regional factors may play as decisive a role in a discipline’s fate as national ones, leaving us unable to consider many different regional cases as a single disciplinary field.
4 (54). Vishlenkova, Elena A., Ilyina Kira A. “Reproduction of the similarities” in the Russian universities during the first half of the XIXth century : Working paper WP6/2011/04 [Тext] / E. Vishlenkova, K. Ilyina ; National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. – Moscow : Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2011. – 52 p.
In the given article attention is focused on such aspects of university corporations forming as the paths of recruiting and the ways of students education and their disciplining in Russian imperial universities in the first half of the XIX century. The research has been conducted in the university archives of Kazan, Moscow and Kharkov and the archive of the ministry of national education, with involvement of published memoirs. The authors have defined changing criteria of entrants selection, of estimation of students knowledge and behavior, of heir punishment and encouragement. Due to this some didactic ideals of the professors came to light, along with their views on university education purposes and their own social mission.
3 (53). Savelieva, Irina M. What has happened with the “History and Theory?”
Chto sluchilos' s «Istoriei i teoriei?» // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI NIU–VShE). 2011. Vyp. 3 (53). – 44 s.
The article analyses new tendencies in the theoretical foundations of history as science in the incoming new century – the theory of history. The object of the research is the historical knowledge concerning conceptual approaches to the past social reality and the professional concepts about the “subject and method”. This is, first of all, new theories, new methods and the means of the examination of the past phenomena. In essence, this research is about the new social theories, philosophical ideas, development of the professional language, the use of new methods of scientific analysis in the research of concrete historical phenomena but also about the creation of interdisciplinary areas, mutual adoption and interventions.
The informational foundation of the research is based on the history journals which are characterised by the theoretical and methodological bias, the leading specialized history journals which demonstrate the state of affairs in various research areas, sociological journals publishing works in historical sociology and scientific monographs for 1995–2001.
2 (52). Sokolov, Pavel V. Isaac Newton’s Physica Sacra within the Context of Treatises on the “Theory of the Earth”
Physica sacra Isaaka N'yutona v kontekste traktatov o «teorii Zemli» // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI NIU–VShE). 2011. Vyp. 2 (52). – 28 s.
Drawing upon exegetical and scientific writings of Isaac Newton, his followers (W. Whiston) and opponents (Ch. Burnet), present study deals with the rise of objectivism – fundamental epistemic principle underlying the modern scientific worldview. The study is focused upon the synthesis of three epistemological principles, which shaped the science of Enlightenment: hermeneutic transparency of text in exegesis, mathematical certainty in natural science, and realistic mimesis in literary criticism. The author also examines the epistemological project, opposed to objectivistic paradigm, that puts together allegory in biblical scholarship, hypothetical method in physic and the primacy of literariness over referentiality in literary theory. Present article seeks to contribute to the genealogy of objective reality – ontological a priori of the modern scientific thought, emerged from the confusion of methodologies and discourses, characteristic to early Modern Times.
1 (51). Vishlenkova, Elena A. and Galiullina, Rufia H. Professors and bureaucrats: paradoxes of a university autonomy in Russia in the first half of the XIX-th century
Professora i byurokraty: paradoksy universitetskoi avtonomii v Rossii pervoi poloviny XIX veka // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI NIU–VShE). 2011. Vyp. 1 (51). – 72 s.
In the given article the history of a university autonomy in the Russian empire is reconstructed. The research is based on published ego-documents and office work documentation of the first half of the XIX-th century taken from the fund of the Ministry of Public Education (the Russian State Historical Archive), the fund of the Kazan University (the National Archive of Republic Tatarstan and the Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books of Scientific Library of the Kazan university), the fund of the Moscow University (the Central State Historical Archive of the City of Moscow). The collected complex of historical sources has allowed to reveal three forms of adaptation of the western university idea replacing each other: 1. the external reproduction of norms of corporate self-forming (1800–1810th years); 2. the dictatorship of the governmental trustees who were achieving the goal of connection of principles of religious education to a scientific training (the middle of 1810–1820th years); 3. the design of the “original” university model as a state organization with an officialdom management (1830–1850th years).
2010
5 (50). Samutina, Natalia V. Troubles with both parts of the notion: cinema studies and their vanishing object
Slovo iz dvuh problemnyh chastei: kinoissledovaniya 2010-h o svoem uskol'zayuschem ob'ekte // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2010. Vyp. 5 (50). – 32 s.
The author analyses different theoretical perspectives on the most important changes in contemporary cinema, paying principal attention to the transformations which are relevant to the main goals and the status of cinema studies itself as a research field. The mutation of the object of cinema studies is a starting point for this analytical observation. The crucial changes discussed in the text are: the transition to digital cinema; the diversification of the film distribution and, what is equally important, of the viewer’s reception in new media; the narrative crisis produced by the new technologies; and the decrease of the European Art Cinema influence on the world cinema map.
4 (49). Fayer, Vladimir V. Composition of the Catalogue of Ships and Homeric problems
Kompoziciya «Kataloga korablei» i problemy gomerovskogo eposa // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2010. Vyp. 4 (49). – 32 s.
The work aims at analyzing the structure of the Catalogue of Ships from the Book 2 of the Iliad and its place in the composition of the epic poem. On the one hand, the Catalogue is a virtual journey of the Singer throughout Greece; on the other, it is an example of complex symmetrical structure common in Homer’s poems. The paper proposes an argument that if both principles are really valid, they are incompatible with the mainstream oral theory (stated by Milman Parry and Albert Lord), which describes the genesis of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
3 (48). Magun, Vladimir S. and Rudnev, Maxim G. Basic human values-2008: similarities and dissimilarities between Russians and other Europeans
Bazovye cennosti-2008: shodstva i razlichiya mejdu rossiyanami i drugimi evropeicami // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2010. Vyp. 3 (48). – 52 s.
The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz PVQ.
The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account within country value diversity. And finally they refine cross country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis.
As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote the necessary value changes.
2 (47). Kaspe, Irina M. When the Things are Talking: Document and Documentariness in Russian Literature of 2000th
Kogda govoryat veschi: dokument i dokumentnost' v russkoi literature 2000-h // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2010. Vyp. 2 (47). – 48 s.
The author considers social status of a document, it’s cultural representations, different implications of it’s meaning and it’s communicative effects – i.e. the main subject of the article is not a “document” as such, but “documentariness”, as an analogue of “literariness” introduced by Roman Jacobson. “Documentariness” and “literariness” are examined in the article as different modes of addressing the reader, different patterns of reading and reception of the text. Through the example of several literary works written and published during the last decade in Russia and the critical reception of these works the author analyses how and for what purposes the literariness can interact with the documentariness, and in which social and communicative situations this interaction could be possible and is needed.
The study has been carried out with a support from the Science Fund of the Higher School of Economics as individual research project 09-01-0054 “The idea of the document in modern culture: literaturnost’ and dokumentnost’.”
1 (46). Pislyakov, Vladimir V. International coauthorship of Russian scientists: Papers and their citedness
Soavtorstvo rossiiskih uchenyh s zarubejnymi kollegami: publikacii i ih citiruemost' // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2010. Vyp. 1 (46). – 40 s.
We study international collaboration of Russian scientists resulting in coauthored scholarly papers. The change in the number of coauthored international publications is examined, and leading partner countries are found. Citedness of Russian papers written in international collaboration and its difference from the average level of citedness for all Russian papers are calculated and the most “profitable” partner countries are identified. After studying the overall Russian collaborative output, we select three disciplines for a more detailed analysis — physics, chemistry and mathematics.
2009
8 (45). Ivanova, Julia and Sokolov, Pavel. Main Tendencies of Italian Cinquecento Political Thought and Historiography after Machiavelli and Guicciardini
Osnovnye napravlenija politicheskoj mysli i istoriografii Cinguecento posle Machiavelli i Guicciardini // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 8 (45). – 36 s.
Present work is aimed at summarizing and classifying the principle areas and genres of the Italian historical and political thought of the XVI century (Cinquecento). Addressing the large corpus of historical and political literature of the period, author focuses on pragmatically oriented writings, influenced by Machiavelli and directed against him; treatises, inheriting the scholastic political culture; monumental Counterreformation works; writings, succeeding to the Quattrocento humanistic tradition; a vast bulk of erudite “antiquarian” literature; samples of popular didactic genres (biographies, concetti). The multiplicity of historical literary genres is treated as a system of forms and ways of converting the knowledge about the Past into an instrument of social orientation as well as into a means of argumentation in exposition of political views.
7 (44). Samutina, Natalia V. Theory, History and the Attractions: Early Cinema and New Media
Teorija, istorija, attrakcion: rannee kino i novye media // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 7 (44). – 44 s.
This paper analyses cultural, anthropological and social characteristics of one specific form of new media – Internet portal YouTube – in the context of early cinema theory. The similarity of early cinema and contemporary YouTube videos, shared by users, can be detected in a wide range of institutional and aesthetic parameters, but above all - from the perspective of anthropology of viewer’s perception (the temporality of the cinematic event, attacks of attractions, combination of observer’s and witness’s point of view, interactive facilities and so on). Principal attention is also given to the importance of early cinema (“cinema of attractions”) theory for changes in our understanding of history and social functions of cinema, especially as this theory is represented in Tom Gunning’s texts and their influence during last 20 years. Particular consideration is given to the impact the early cinema theory, and the works of Tom Gunning together with their reception during last 20 years, had on our changing comprehension of cinema. A noticeable return of cinema of attractions as a form of communication and entertainment gives us an evidence of a certain shift in contemporary culture and has to be studied elaborately.
6 (43). Sokolov, Pavel V. A Sample of Reception of the Moses Maimonides' Halachic Exegesis in Latin Exegetic Literature of the XIIIth Century
Obrazec recepcii galakhiheskoj ekzegezy Moiseja Maimonida v latinskoj ekzegetike XIII v. // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 6 (43). – 28 s.
Present work is aimed at investigating strategies and forms of reception of the Judaic interpretative culture in the Christian medieval exegetic literature. We address the «Book of Parables» – an anonymous Latin treatise of the XIIIth century – to analyze the methods employed by author to incorporate extrinsic hermeneutic procedures into the hierarchy of exegetic techniques inherent in Latin tradition. The author of the treatise draws analogy between the Maimonides’ halachic exegesis and the traditional Christian allegory. This analogy is grounded in the structural identity between the Old Testament legislation and the figurative language of the Holy Writ: a particular legislative prescription refers to a general norm, as an allegorical image does to a transcendental principle. Thus, imposing the logic of metaphorical language on the realm of praxis, the author of the «Book of Parables» reconciles the Judaic interpretative culture and the traditional Christian hermeneutics.
5 (42). Braginskaya, Nina V. Worldwide Irrecognition: Olga Freidenberg on the Greek Novel
Mirovaya bezvestnost': Olga Freidenberg ob antichnom romane // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 5 (42). – 40 s.
The presence or absence of Russian scholarship in the European and world culture is discussed by an example of Olga Freidenberg (1890–1955), a Soviet classicist and cultural philosopher. Her scale as thinker is that of the first stars and she would become a person of dominant influence if there were any regular channels of communication of the Russian and other European scholars. In the center of discussion there is the case of her pioneer theses on the Greek novel. Olga Freidenberg was the first one (in early 1920s in Russia) to draw the comparison between pagan erotic novels and both Apocryphal Acts and Canonical Acts and Gospels. Only recently many aspects of her “paleontological analysis” of the Greek novel emerged on the surface of the Western Classical scholarship as “new approaches”.
The paper proposes a thesis that in the humanities of the Soviet period (and probably at present time also) there were many great scholars while no institutionalized scholarship. Being the outsiders the Russian scholars have a valuable asset of the improvised solutions and new approaches. At the same time Russians are mostly regarded as the representatives of their own culture, “informant” and not as colleagues. An intruding of the new results, thoughts and approaches of the Russian scholars into the European environment is best achieved with the help of appropriation of the results of Russian scholars by the authoritative members of the Western scholarly community.
4 (41). Eremeyeva, Svetlana. The bronze age of Russian literature: monuments to writers in the framework of monumental commemoration
Bronzovyj vek rossijskoj slovesnosti: pamjatniki pisateljam v ramkakh praktiki monumental'noj kommemoracii // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 4 (41). – 52 s.
Society’s participation in formation of collective memory in Russia in the XIX century had an effect on monumental commemoration: initiated by locals, monuments to “new heroes” of the time – writers, not statesmen – had been appearing. They became symbols of national pride and identity. This practice had been adopted by our native culture which then created its own tradition. The authorities reluctant to share their prerogative to possess the past stopped this process. Some evidence of it could only be found in Archangelsk, Simbirsk and Kazan in late twenties – early thirties of the XIX century Russia. With the inauguration of the monument to Pushkin in 1880, seen by the public opinion as a demonstration of national consciousness, society’s right to use this practice of memory had been finally legitimated.
3 (40). Vishlenkova, Elena A. Treasure-house of the Russian Painting: history of foundation (1780–1820th)
Sokrovischnica russkoj zhivopisi: istorija sozdanija (1780–1820-e gody) // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 3 (40). – 64 s.
The article is devoted to historical deconstruction of art history language for depiction of the RussianThe article is devoted to the historical deconstruction of art history language for describing the Russian masterpieces of painting of the XVIII–XIXth century. The study is focused on three key linguistic tropes of the Russian art history: ‘art history is a struggle of the canons’, ‘Russian art is realistic and national’, ‘national treasure-house of great masterpieces’. Examination of textbooks on drawing, publicist works and memoirs makes it possible to discover the conventional character of the language categories. They were articulated by the 1820ties when the formation of the Russian nationalizing discourse had encouraged designing of ‘the Russian workshop of painting’ or ‘the Russian style within the world of arts’. Auther has scrutinized the cooperated and individual initiatives in question and in this way reconstructed the configuration of the ‘expert team’ of artists, journalists, consumers (the so called ‘the admirers of beauty’). Their arguments serve to prove that the choice of the names and works fit to adequately representing Russian art before European viewers was based on some changeable criteria (the subject of the creative works, artist’s national identity, the art method, the viewer’s perception, etc.) The search for more stable characteristics for selection has resulted in acceptance of art conventions which created the bulk of ‘the Russian art canon’.
2 (39). Savelieva, Irina M. and Poletayev, Andrei V. Publications of Russian Authors in Foreign Journals in Social Sciences and Humanities in 1993–2008: Quantity and Quality
Publikacii rossijskikh avtorov v zarubezhnykh zhurnalakh po obschestvennym i gumanitarnym disciplinam v 1993–2008 gg.: kolichestvennye pokazateli i kachestvennye kharakteristiki // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 2 (39). – 52 s.
Article contains analysis of all publications of Russian authors in foreign journals in social sciences and humanities, included in the database Web of Science in 1993–2008. Four disciplines are chosen for investigation: economics, sociology, history and philosophy. The novelty of approach is in combination of quantitative measures (number of articles and their citation indices) with qualitative analysis of publications. The latter includes distribution of articles by type of journals and by research topics. Authors also provide comparative analysis of publications of Russian authors in four disciplines and trace changes in quantity and content of articles over the period under consideration.
1 (38). Repina, Lorina P. The Idea of Universal History in Russia: from Classics to Neo-classics
Ideja vseobschej istorii v Rossii: ot klassiki k neoklassike // «Gumanitarnye issledovanija» (IGITI GU–VShE). 2009. Vyp. 1 (38). – 40 s.
The paper examines the intellectual heritage of T. N. Granovsky and the Russian tradition of universal history that he had founded. Many ideas of Granovsky and the Russian school of history acquire a new sounding today, when as a consequence of extreme fragmentation of historical knowledge the “world-wide point of view” on history, that was a priority of the Russian “science of universal history” in its “golden age”, proved to be acutely needed and developed by enthusiasts of global and transnational history.
2008
7 (37). Poletayev, Andrei V. Social Sciences and Humanities in Russia in 1998-2007: quantitative charachteristics
Obschestvennye i gumanitarnye nauki v Rossii v 1998-2007 gg.: kolichestvennye kharakteristiki // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2008. Vyp. 7 (37). 48 s.
The first section of the article is devoted to methodological problems of the Russian statistics of science; in the second section we analyze the changes in the number of researchers in social sciences and humanities; the third section deals with financial indicators. According to our estimates during the last 10 years both the number of researchers and level of financing of social sciences and humanities substantially increased. Growth in the number of researchers was concentrated in the higher education sector, but changes in the employment structure were not accompanied with the subsequent changes in the sectorial structure of financing of these fields of science.
6 (36). Repina, Lorina P. New research strategies in the Russian and World historiography
Novye issledovatel'skie strategii v rossiyskoy i mirovoy istoriografii // «Gumanitarnye issledovaniya» (IGITI GU VShE), 2008. Vyp. 6. 32 s.
The paper analyses the radical transformations that took place in the theoretical foundations, methodology and conceptual models of historical science on the eve of the XXI century. The changes in research strategies of recent historiography are considered as an outcome of the fruitful interaction of different disciplines in the common space of social sciences and humanities. The author estimates the cognitive potential of new theoretical models aiming to restore the integrity of historical vision of the past.
5 (35). Poletayev, Andrei V. Presence and Absence of Russia in the World Economic Science
Prisutstvije i otsutstvije Rossii v mirovoi ekonomicheskoy nauke // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2008. Vyp. 5 (35). 36 s.
The first part of the article analyses the main topics of research and theoretical achievements of the Russian/Soviet economists in 1890–1990. The second part is devoted to the history of reception by Western scientific community of the works of the Russian economists written in this period. In the final part we provide some estimates of the scale of presence of contemporary Russian economists in the current economic journal literature (using Thomson Scientific database «Web of Knowledge»).
4 (34). Vishlenkova, Elena A. Visual Anthropology of the Empire
Vizual'naja antropologija imperii, ili "uvidet' russkogo dano ne kazhdomu" // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2008. Vyp. 4 (34). 56 s.
3 (33). Andreev, Michail. Machiavelli e la cultura del Rinascimento.
Nikkolo Mak'javelli v kul'ture Vozrozhdenija // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2008. Vyp. 3 (33). 36 s.
Nel saggio vengono esaminate tutte le forme e generi dell’opera machiavelliana: non solo i grandi trattati politici ma anche la sua storiografia, poesia, teatro, fino alle legazioni e scritti di governo. Il problema che l’autore del saggio cerca di risolvere sta nel rapporto tra l’opera di Machiavelli e la cultura del Rinascimento: se il famigerato individualismo machiavelliano può rappresentare meglio di qualsiasi altro le tendenze antropocentriche del Rinascimento, il suo disgusto verso la retorica umanistica sembra marginalizzare la sua opera rispetto alla corrente dominante della cultura rinascimentale. La via di mezzo tra i poli dell’universale e individuale scelta dall’umanesimo risulta per Machiavelli inaccettabile. Trova però un’altra: assegna lo stato della totalità all’attività individuale accentuando il suo aspetto creativo e impartendo ad essa le connotazioni estetiche. L’estetismo rinascimentale acquista nell’opera di Machiavelli un’importanza ancora più universale impadronendosi anche della sfera di pragmatica: Machiavelli costruisce la forma tutta sua della retorica che non ha bisogno di rivolgersi agli strumenti retorici tradizionali.
2 (32). Sveshnikov, Anton and Stepanov, Boris. Historical almanacs “Odysseus”, “Casus”, “Dialogue with Time”: in search of scientific communication.
Istoricheskie al'manakhi «Odissejj», «Kazus», «Dialog so vremenem»: poiski modelejj nauchnojj kommunikacii // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2008. Vyp. 2 (32). 28 s.
In this paper the structural transformations of scientific communication in Post-Soviet historiography are analyzed in connection to functioning of three well-known Russian historical periodicals — “Odysseus”, “Casus” and “Dialogue with Time”. The authors discover new social, intellectual and textual opportunities and strategies in the discipline through examination of structural and symbolic aspects of these editions, representation of historical knowledge and its history there, evolution of their scientific programs and their relations with audience.
This article is a part of collective project which investigates the notion of “classics” and shows how it functions in contemporary humanities and cultural practices. The author analyses the construction of norms in cinema (as cultural institute and mass communication medium) and accents the strategies of spectator’s reception. From sociologist’s point of view, we can’t use the notion of “classics” to describe cinema, as we do with art and literature: cinema is a part of mass culture, it works as universal, anti-traditionalist and easily accessible medium, and it’s character contradicts the main sense of notion “classics”. But the common sense usage and the constructions of cult and classics in cinema made by ordinary spectators work as important cultural symptoms – first of all, the symptoms of historical thinking in cinema mechanism itself. These processes of creating classics by common reception in order to preserve a gap between different groups of images can be seen first in genre classics, and second in classical Hollywood cinema, as this notion is applied by ordinary spectators. The author shows the importance of the notion of “cult movies” for contemporary cinema studies methodology and compares cult cinema and cinema classics as two influential and insufficiently understood strategies of reception.
2007
The paper deals with historiography and some methodological problems that a researcher, who studies languages of the Empire’s self description, comes across. Special attention is paid to the formation of such categories as subjecthood, loyalty and patriotism in the first stage of Russian Empire’s history. In the author’s opinion the main problems are the low level of work on defining the key notions that most researchers widely use as well as the lack of attempts at synthesis of different research strategies.
The author criticizes the Marxist tradition to explain social revolutions mainly by political and economic causes. To his mind, complex explications of revolutions are required that are to pay considerable attention to socio-psychological factors. The article deals with socio-psychological factors of revolutions, different approaches to their comprehension, the possibility of revolutions in the modern world in general and in our country in particular.
2 (28). Times of Ideologists: Philosophy of History of the "Conservative Revolution"
Vremena ideologov: Filosofija istorii "konservativnoj revoljucii" // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2007. Vyp. 2 (28). 36 s.
Philosophy of history, being a speculative philosophical discipline, isn't necessarily an ideology - it can be completely apolitical. But every developed ideology presupposes one or another scheme of world history, connecting past, present and future. This article analyses philosophy of history of the "conservative revolution" ideology in the times of Weimar Republic, which blended the elements of conservative appreciation of the past with inherent to socialism utopist project of the future.
1 (27). Samutina N. V. Ideology of Nostalgia: Problem of the Past in Contemporary European Cinema
Ideologija nostal'gii: Problema proshlogo v sovremnnom evropejskom kino // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2007. Vyp. 1 (27). 48 s.
The author analyses some options of representation of past and history in various forms of cinema (differentiated institutionally, aesthetically and historically), especially in European heritage cinema of the last decade. From the middle of 1990-ties, heritage cinema has been playing an important role in the construction of Pan European cinema and in the production of ideologically claimed images of European past: landscapes, artefacts, types of cultural behavior, anthropologic patterns and so on. Heritage cinema tries to construct this symbolic "new Europe" community through the image of nostalgic past, and with some specific cinematographic apparatus, which provokes the nostalgic emotion in the spectator. Nostalgia which is often interpreted in cultural theory as a regressive phenomena, or as common effect of modern media (F.Jameson), in heritage cinema creates a unique possibility to differentiate private past and traumatic European history, local human experience and global ideology of states and wars - in order to reconcile us with the past and to provide a non-conflict existence in present. This cultural role and potential of heritage cinema helps us to see the whole nostalgia phenomena as something more complicated and ideologically polysemantic, and to underline the large possibilities of cinema in producing so-called "nostalgic experience" (in F.Ankersmit terms). Besides, the article provides some examples of heritage cinema genre in contemporary Russian cinema with the same ideological message.
2006
7 (26). Zaretsky Yu. P. Why to Write This? (A Roman Pope's Letter to a Turkish Sultan)
Zachem pisat' eto? (Poslanie rimskogo papy turetskomu sultanu) // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 7 (26). 28 s.
In 1461, Roman pope Pius II (1458-1464) wrote a letter to the Turkish sultan Mehmed II (1451-1481). In this letter Pius urged Mehmed to become a Christian, following the example of Constantine the Great. The letter received different interpretations from historians. Most of them considered it as an example of political naivete on the part of Pius. The essay argues that the letter can be interpreted in a different way, namely as an example of Renaissance self-fashioning. In this perspective it should be read not as a political document, but as an Italian humanist's epistola. Such a reading implies that it was primarily aimed to demonstrate to posterity certain personal characteristics of its author, above all his eloquence. The essay also touches on two more general questions. Whether the differences between modern European and so-called "native" mentalities, an idea recently highlighted by cultural anthropologists, can also be applied to the study of European Renaissance? Are historians able to reconstruct convincingly human intentionality?
6 (25). Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. Whether the Americans Know History? (Part 2) Znajut li amerikantsy istoriju? (Chast' 2) // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 6 (25). 56 s.
In this article the authors continue the analysis of ordinary historical knowledge of the Americans using the USA public-opinion polls' results. As mass representations of the past are generally based on values and principles shared by the most of the population we start with the brief overview of the "American values system" explicated in polls materials.
Then we describe general structure of historical knowledge giving special attention to three parameters: different components of the past (historical periods, facts and personalities); degree of interest to these components and level of knowledge about them.
The special point of the article is to identify the set of "markers", which designate and organize mass historical knowledge. First of all markers of the realm of the past are represented by Very Important Persons an Very Important Events. As well the function of markers may be performed by different artefacts existing in the present but associated with the past.
5 (24). Vakhshtayn V. S. "Embarrasing" Classicality in the 20th Century Sociology: Erving Goffman's legacy
"Neudobnaja" klassika sociologii XX veka: tvorcheskoe nasledie Ervinga Goffmana // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 5 (24). 52 s.
"Embarrassing" classical legacy in sociology is the totality of works recognized as classical but unsettled in sociological canon and distant away from classical theoretical mainstream. This paper is aimed at investigation of such "non-classical classicality" particularly represented by works of Erving Goffman. Based on sociology of everyday life theoretical findings, this paper dedicates to one of the most significant problems in modern science studies, the problem of classicality. That problem is crucial in sociology. As a result of long-drawn debate about classics (R. Merton, J. Alexander, R. Collins) the "secluded model of classicality" was firmly established in social science. According to that model classical legacy as any other social fact must be explained by social reasons (mainly by social circumstances of classical works reception and valorization). The author is trying to develop alternative - "sociological, but non-sociologistic" - logic of analysis. Suggested approach underlines specific transcendence of classicality, bearing two-way relations between the realm of ideas and the realm of their social circulation.
4 (23). Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. Whether the Americans Know History? (Part 1)
Znajut li amerikantsy istoriju? (Chast' 1) // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 4 (23). 48 s.
In this work the authors start to analyze the problem of ordinary historical knowledge using the USA public-opinion polls' results. The article opens the series of planned publications on mass representations of the past in the United States. The research is focused on different sources of knowledge about the past: public and religious education, media-sources, family history and brings to the front the Americans opinion on the relative importance of these sources of information.
The article provides methodology to bring along further research on the topic including form and substance of mass historical knowledge and effects.
3 (22). Rutkevich A. M. Historian's Past
Proshloe istorika // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 3 (22). 56 s.
Historian investigates the past, but this is not a prerogative of historiography, all social sciences have to do with their own past, histories are written (narrated) by theologians, ideologists, writers and all of us. The definition of specific past of historical science presupposes one or another philosophical view of this science, some type of epistemology. In this essay a radically constructivist position is opposed to the doctrine of "presentism".
2 (21). Poletayev A. V. Gross Domestic Product of the Russian Fedaration in Comparison with the United States, 1960-2004
Valovoj vnutrennij produkt Rossijskoj Federacii v sopostavlenii s Soedinennymi Shtatami Ameriki, 1960-2004 gg. // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006. Vyp. 2 (21). 48 s.
Analysis is based on the historical national accounts of the Russian Federation for 1960-1990 and official data for the post-Soviet period. The results of the International/European Comparison Programme for 2002 are used to develop retrospective estimates of Russia's GDP components in comparison with the United States. These estimates are compared and cross-checked with the results of previous rounds of ICP/ECP and with CIA' USSR-USA comparisons. Proposed approach allows to provide more reliable estimates of the level of Russia's economic development in the Soviet period and to show explicitly biases in the structure of the centrally planned economy.
1 (20). Frumkina R. M. Vygotskian Perspectives in the Context of Luria's Experimental Approach
Kul'turno-istoricheskaja psykhologija Vygotskogo-Lurija // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija" (IGITI GU-VShE), 2006, Vyp. 1 (20). 28 s.
After more than 70 years since his death and nevertheless the crucial changes psychology has undergone meanwhile, L. S. Vygotsky is still considered a major and highly influencual figure. The author tries to understand the means and ways of he reception of Vygotsky's heritage and the major role L. R. Luria performed in the process in question.
2005
5 (19). History of the European Individual: From Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt to Michel Foucault and Steven Greenblatt
Istorija evropejskogo individa: ot Mishle i Burkkhardta do Fuko i Grinblatta // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2005, Vyp. 5 (19), 44 s.
In scholarship, 'individualism' (as well as 'modernization', 'rationalism', 'secularization', 'capitalism') is commonly treated as one of the basic principles of the Modern West. The essence of this notion and its various aspects has been debated (sometimes quite hotly) for almost two centuries in different fields of the humanities. The aim of this work is to trace the main directions and turns in shaping one of the problems related to these debates - 'the history of the individual'. The study examines historical and cultural circumstances in which the notion 'individual' (as well as 'self', 'personality', 'subject') became a part of historical scholarship; heuristic models and metaphors used for describing the beginning of individualism in the West; transformations which these models and metaphors underwent in the course of the last century and a half. Special attention in this examination is given to the recent shift in considering the 'history of the individual' under the influence of postclassical knowledge with its new concept of subjectivity.
4 (18). History and Social Sciences
Istorija i social'nye nauki // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2005, Vyp. 4 (18), 32 s.
The position of history in the realm of social sciences has been treated thoroughly in recent Western and Russian historiography. Mostly research was concentrated on historiographical "turns". In consideration of substantial efforts devoted to "historiographical turns", we propose more general analysis to show the relationship between history, social sciences and humanities, the diversity of interdisciplinary interaction models.
The suggested analysis of specificity of historical knowledge consists of four successive problems.
- The relationship between history and other types of knowledge, foremost non-scientific (philosophy, arts, ideology, religion, etc);
- The nature of distinctions between history and other social sciences;
- The scientific foundations of history, that is its similarity to social sciences;
- Models of interaction between history and other social sciences.
The novelty of suggested approach consists of application of sociology of knowledge theory for innovative analysis of historical epistemology, and consecutive investigation of the relationship between history and other forms of knowledge about the past.
3 (17). Erusalimsky K. Y. History at Diplomatic Service: Diplomacy and Memory in XVIth Century Russia
Istorija na posol'skoj sluzhbe: diplomatija i pamjat' v Rossii XVI v. // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2005, Vyp. 3 (17), 55 s.
This article deals with uses of the past and historical memory of the Russian diplomatic service of the XVI century. It seeks to work out preliminary model of cultural interchange of ceremonial historical exempla, visual representations of the past, artifacts and historical texts of the period. The "past" sup-plied Russian Diplomatic Office with arguments in polemics for lands, titles, privileges, emigrants. At the same time making reference to the past couldn't be successful if not based on "traditions" and other identities. These references reorganized collective memory, but international reactions gave new impul-ses to actualize histories. Exempla weren't totally "imagined", nor "invented". They contained extracts from chronicles and other historical sources. They appealed to common knowledge, God's grace and God's texts, icons, insignia, structures etc. Such concepts as "Russian land", "boundary", "our and their", "treason" become new-made elements of diplomatic worldview and influence inner organizati-on of historical memory.
2 (16). Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. Social Knowledge about the Past: Historical Records and Representations
Social'nye predstavlenija o proshlom: istochniki i reprezentacii // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2005, Vyp. 2 (16). 52 s.
The article presents an attempt to generalize characteristics of ordinary knowledge about the past using two kinds of historical records. The first class constitute different types of sources (including places of memory) which determine ordinary knowledge, the second - representations of social beliefs about the past (memoirs and public-opinion polls). The analysis of available empirical data leads to the conclusion that ordinary knowledge about the past may be represented as three levels structure: meaningful periods in history, important historical events and the great names of history. But in any case the available data bear only well-marked traces of social representations.
1 (15). Kapelushnikov R. I. Deconstructing Polanyi (Notes on the Margins of "The Great Transformation")
Dekonstruiruja Polan'i (zametki na poljakh "Velikoj transformacii") // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 1 (15), 36 s.
The author performs a deconstruction of the explanatory institutional scheme provided in the classical work "The Great Transformation" (1944) by one of the most authoritative scholars in modern economic anthropology Karl Polanyi (1886-1964). A thorough analysis of Polanyi's taxonomy of alternative allocation systems (reciprocity, redistribution, market, household) shows that numerous lacunas, inconsistencies and self-contradictions make it generally vague and non-operational. The author demonstrates that Polanyi's interpretation of reciprocity as totally non-utilitarian transactional mode is not valid and criticizes his tendency to describe market competition as a kind of Hobbsean war of all against all. A special attention is paid to Polanyi's polemics with the classical liberalism and his perception of freedom in the modern complex society.
The author argues there are no actual grounds to qualify Karl Polanyi as a predecessor of the modern neo-institutional theory since the very idea of institutional evolution was absolutely alien to his thinking. The paper concludes that his analytical scheme could not contribute to development of a new theoretical paradigm that would be able to conceptualize a diversity of existing institutional patterns and provide a unified methodological foundation for a productive synthesis of alternative approaches in social sciences.
2004
7 (14). Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. Social Representations of the Past: Types and Mechanisms of Formation
Social'nye predstavlenija o proshlom: tipy i mekhanizmy formirovanija // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 7 (14), 52 s.
Given the importance of the sociological concept of "knowledge" for historical study, we shall focus on the theoretical analysis of the problem of ordinary knowledge about the past. Social representations of the past consist at least of two components. In the first place it is knowledge, based on personal experience, images of individual's previous life, recollections, everyday routine actions. In the next place it is the image of the past typical to different social groups, to which individual belongs. Social beliefs about the past are so complex and diverse that in this paper we put first things first and concentrate on two key questions: definition and description of different types of the past, essential for the actor, including individual as well as sectional vision of the past and identification of some ways of forming ordinary knowledge of the past, including but not limited to political.
6 (13). Rutkevich A. M. Psychoanalysis and the "Historical Memory" Doctrine
Psikhoanaliz i doktrina "istoricheskoj pamjati" // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M.: GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 6 (13), 36 s.
In books and articles, written on "historical memory" we find the citations of Freud and his followers; they even constitute the basis of "interdisciplinary character" of these writings. Well, in the first period of his work Freud had used such term as "trauma" and had written on the imprints of traumatic experience in the collective memory. But with the development of psychoanalysis such ideas were denied as lamarckist (and not very popular among biologists). Historians of today are taking from the psychoanalysis old-style speculative biology without any concern of another schools of contemporary psychology. The real source of the doctrine of "historical memory"is the theory of "emancipative knowledge interest", created by J. Habermas and K.-O. Apel the end of 1960-s. This theory has much more ideological than scientific character (the revolutionary hopes of left intellectuals, desired to "heal" the humanity).
5 (12). Contruction of the Past in the Process of Communication: Theoretical Logic of Sociological Approach
Konstruirovanie proshlogo v processe kommunikacii: teoreticheskaja logika sociologicheskogo podkhoda // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 5 (12), 56 s.
The paper aims at elaborating a new approach to events as basic elements of the social. Events are meaningful units observed as occurrences in space in time. The intervals of time and parts of space both are indivisible for an observer, therefore containing no smaller events. However the events are interrelated, they have logical construction, implying both a number of other possible events are a kind of inner heterogeneity. Events are framed in situations and figurations, they can have a relative and an absolute character for an observer and/or participants in social life. One kind of the logical implications they have is the past that must have been for an event to occur.
4 (11). Frumkina R. M. Psycholinguistics: What are We Doing While Speaking and Thinking
Psikholingvistika: chto my delaem, kogda govorim i dumaem // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 4 (11), 24 s.
Psycholinguistics is considered as a set of plausible approaches to the study of language, speech and thought. The lack of epystemological analysis should be stressed as most important obstacle for understanding current state of affairs in linguistics and other humanities.
3 (10). Forms of the Past in Classical European Literature
Formy proshlogo v klassicheskoj evropejskoj literature // "Gumanitarnye issledovanija IGITI". M. : GU-VShE, 2004, Vyp. 3 (10), 32 s.
The author of the article examines genres of classical European literature from Antiquity to XVIII century which had the Past as their subject (tragedy, epic literature and novel). The representation of the Past could be understood as myth, history or fairy tale (imaginary story); this triple division was worked out in Hellenistic poetics and it structured the whole history of high literary genres. In Ancient Greece mythic past was practically the only object of representation; in Ancient Rome history entered into tragedy and was brought to the forefront in the epic literature. In the Middle Ages religious drama returned to myth, epos remained mainly historical, and the novel emerged alongside as a new epical form concerned with the imaginary Past. In the literature of Renaissance, Classicism, Baroque and Enlightenment epos remained attained to the historical and mythological topics, while tragedy to the end of this long period approached to representation of the imaginary Present. Tragedy walked the whole way from myth to the imaginary story and from the Past to the Present. Epic literature stopped at the stage of the historical subject, and the novel made instead of it the last step to the Present and the imaginary stories. As a result only the novel managed to eliminate classical genre limitations on the object and forms of literary representation.
2 (9). Yurevich A. V. Social sciences and humanities in modern Russia: adaptation to the social context.
Sociogumanitarnaya nauka v sovremennoi Rossii: adaptatsiya k sotsialnomu contekstu. WP6/2004/02. M.: GU-VShE, 2004, 28 s.
Despite permanent declarations about the total deep crisis in modern Russian science, the social sciences and humanities turned out to be in a better situation than natural and technical ones. And even more: some social sciences and humanities such as economics, political science, law and sociology even experience an upsurge. The main causes of the prosperity of these disciplines are high social requirements of the education in social sciences and humanities, cult of politics and everything which is connected with it, rendering services to business and high demand for such professionals considered as experts in solving social problems. That's here the main lines of interaction between social sciences and humanities and market economy in modern Russia are concentrated. Meanwhile the commercialization of national social sciences and humanities coincides with its cognitive liberalization and its transformation into the mechanism of the translation of knowledge produced by foreign science to our social practice.
1 (8). Niks N. "The mission of professor is greate and noble" (Life and work of Moscow professors in the second part of the XIX - beginning of the XX century).
"Velik i blagoroden trud profwessora" (Zhizn' i deyatel'nost' moskovskoi professury vtoroi poloviny XIX - nachala XX veka). WP6/20043/01. M.: GU-VShE, 2004, 40 s.
This article is devoted to the research of scientific, pedagogical, social-cultural activities and everyday life of Moscow professors as a groupe of industrial society in the second part of the XIX - beginning of the XX century. The work applies "new social history" techniques and is based on personal documents: memoirs, letters and diaries. The analysis of quantitative parameters, social and national structure, economic and family status testifies that this social groupe was intellectual and social leader, assisting the process of emergence of a modern personality, new system of social communications and industrial civilization in modernized Russian society.
2003
7. Repina L. P. Cultural Memory and the Problems of Historical Writing (Historiogrphical Notes)
Cul'turnaya pamyat' i problemy istoriopisaniya (istoriographicheskie zametki). WP6/2003/07. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 43 s.
The paper examines the important changes in the area of intellectual history that had been previously defined exclusively as history of historiography and presented its subject as a chain of shifting historical conceptions, schools and trends. Last decades of the XXth century bear witness of the active appeal of historians to the concept of memory. Today this development has put on agenda investigations in the vaster field of the history of historical culture. Just in this context the author considers the different definitions of the notions of "historical memory", "social memory" and "cultural memory", the recent debates on the problem of transition from individual to collective memory and two distinct approaches to the history of historiography and the problem of historical memory - one from the platform of social history and another from that of cultural anthropology.
6. Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. History and Intuition: The Heritage of Romanticism
Istoria i intuitsia: nasledie romantikov. WP6/2003/06. M.: GU-VSchE, 2003, 52 p.
The first half of the 19th century is characterized by popularity of romantic historical literature, based on intuitive way of construction of the social reality of the past. Many principles of historical knowledge introduced by romantics defined the shape of history as a science for almost a century. This is amply sufficient to specify such basic terms taken from romantic approach to history as historism, diversity, organicism, exoticism. Even positivism that destroyed the very spirit of the romantism did not shake these principles created by romantic historiography. Nevertheless major achievements of the romantism that still remain the foot-stone principles of historical research were transformed so drastically that since the second half of XIX century we can not reveal any significant heir of romantism in historical science. The point of this paper is to investigate basic principles of romantic historiography, analyze possible reasons of its short-lived period and mark out major lines of transformation that romantic innovations underwent in the subsequent interpretations of the history based on analytical approach.
5. Samutina N. V. Contemporary European Cinema and the Idea of Culture ("Past")
Sovremennoye evropeiskoye kino i ideya kul'tury ("proshlogo"). WP6/2003/05. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 28 s.
The problem of connection of such notions as "European", "Culture" and "Past" is examined in this paper in reference to European cinema of the last 10-15 years. The author analyses some cinematographic phenomena which correlate with the notion "European" and which are constructed through idea of "culture" and investigate the problem of culture as central in their iconography and language. These are the Art-Cinema as a part of "the great European project of culture" producing "high" patterns of intellectual films; the European cinema of the mid-nineties, which created an idealized discours of "Beautiful Europe" through deliberate work with cliche; the Pan-European cinema of the beginning of the XXI century which represents European identity and everyday culture in nostalgic narratives of "heritage cinema". The research demonstrates that in every model of European cinema the notion of "Past" is connected with the notion of "Culture" and is used for constructing an idea of contemporary life.
4. Andreev M. L. The Second Birth of the Normative Poetics
Vtoroe rozhdenie normativnoi poetiki. WP6/2003/04. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 44 p.
3. Rutkevich A. M. Psychoanalytic doctrine of symbol and interpretation
Psykhoanilticheskoye uchenie o simvole i interpretacii. WP6/2003/03. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 44 p.
2. Dubin B. V. Semantics, Rhetoric and Social Functions of the "Past": Towards the Sociology of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Historical Novel.
Semantika, retorika I social'nye funkcii "proshlogo": k sociologii sovetskogo i postsovetskogo istoricheskogo romana. WP6/2003/02. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 44 p.
1. Savelieva I. M., Poletayev A. V. Functions of History.
Funkcii Istorii. WP6/2003/01. M.: GU-VShE, 2003, 40 p.
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